Ollantaytambo, located in the heart of Peru’s Sacred Valley, is a destination that perfectly blends ancient Inca history with vibrant living culture. Known as the “Living Inca Town,” Ollantaytambo is one of the best-preserved Incan settlements and continues to be inhabited by local families who maintain traditional ways of life. Visitors to Ollantaytambo can explore impressive ruins, walk ancient streets, and immerse themselves in the rich heritage of the region. In this guide, we will cover the essential information on how to visit Ollantaytambo, what to expect, and how to make the most of your time in this remarkable town.
Getting to Ollantaytambo
Ollantaytambo is about 60 kilometers (37 miles) from Cusco, making it a key stop for travelers heading to Machu Picchu or exploring the Sacred Valley. There are several ways to reach the town:
- By Bus or Colectivo: The most budget-friendly option is to take a colectivo (shared minivan) from Cusco, which departs from near the Avenida Grau area. The journey takes about 1.5 to 2 hours and costs around $3 to $5.
- By Train: If you are heading to Machu Picchu, you can take a train from Cusco or the nearby town of Poroy to Ollantaytambo. Trains stop here before continuing to Aguas Calientes (the town closest to Machu Picchu).
- By Private Taxi or Tour: For more comfort and convenience, you can hire a private taxi or join an organized Sacred Valley tour. This option allows for flexibility in timing and offers a chance to visit other nearby sites like Pisac and Moray on the same day.
Exploring Ollantaytambo Ruins
The highlight of Ollantaytambo is its impressive archaeological site, a massive Inca fortress that was both a strategic military base and a ceremonial center. The ruins are built into the hillside, with terraces stretching across the mountainside and leading to impressive stone structures at the top.
- Sun Temple: One of the most remarkable features of the ruins is the Sun Temple, made from huge stone blocks that were meticulously carved and transported from a quarry across the river. The precision with which these stones fit together is a testament to the Incas’ advanced engineering skills.
- Terraces: The agricultural terraces at Ollantaytambo are not just a sight to behold but also demonstrate the Inca’s advanced farming techniques. These terraces allowed the Incas to grow crops in the difficult mountainous environment.
- Bath of the Ñusta: This structure, also known as the Princess Bath, is a ceremonial bath made of finely cut stones and features a natural spring that still flows today.
Climate and Best Time to Visit
Ollantaytambo has a relatively mild climate year-round due to its location in the Sacred Valley. However, the dry season from May to October is the best time to visit, offering pleasant temperatures and clearer skies. During this time, daytime temperatures average between 15°C and 20°C (59°F to 68°F), though nights can be much cooler.
- Dry Season (May to October): Ideal for outdoor activities and exploring the ruins, with little chance of rain.
- Wet Season (November to April): Expect more rain and cloud cover, but this time of year also brings lush, green landscapes. The trails can be muddy and slippery, so proper footwear is essential.
Altitude and Health Considerations
Ollantaytambo sits at an altitude of about 2,792 meters (9,160 feet) above sea level, which is lower than Cusco but still high enough to cause altitude-related symptoms for some visitors.
- Acclimatization: If you are coming from Cusco (which is higher in altitude), your body may already be adjusted to the altitude, making it easier to explore Ollantaytambo. However, if you are arriving directly from lower altitudes, it’s important to take it easy for the first day.
- Hydration and Rest: Drink plenty of water, avoid alcohol, and rest if you feel any signs of altitude sickness, such as headache or shortness of breath.
What to Bring
- Comfortable Shoes: Exploring the Ollantaytambo ruins involves climbing steep stone steps and walking on uneven terrain. Sturdy, comfortable walking shoes or hiking boots are a must.
- Sun Protection: Even during the cooler months, the sun at high altitudes can be intense. Bring a hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen to protect yourself from UV rays.
- Layered Clothing: The temperature can vary greatly throughout the day. Mornings and evenings tend to be chilly, while afternoons can be warm. Wear layers that can easily be added or removed as needed.
- Water and Snacks: There are a few vendors near the entrance to the ruins, but it’s a good idea to carry your own water and snacks, especially if you plan to spend several hours exploring.
Best Practices for Visiting
- Respect the Site: Ollantaytambo is an important cultural heritage site. Stick to marked paths, avoid climbing on the ruins, and do not remove any stones or artifacts.
- Guided Tours: To truly appreciate the history and significance of Ollantaytambo, consider hiring a guide. They can provide valuable insights into the Inca civilization and the strategic importance of the fortress during the Spanish conquest.
- Combine with a Visit to the Town: Don’t miss the chance to wander through Ollantaytambo town, which retains its original Inca layout. You’ll find narrow cobblestone streets, charming adobe houses, and lively markets selling handicrafts.
Additional Nearby Attractions
- Moray: Located a short drive from Ollantaytambo, Moray is an archaeological site featuring circular agricultural terraces that the Incas used for farming experiments. The site provides a fascinating look at Inca ingenuity and their use of microclimates.
- Salineras de Maras: Another nearby attraction is the Maras Salt Mines, a collection of thousands of salt pans where local families harvest salt in the traditional way. The salt mines offer spectacular views and a unique glimpse into local industry.
Conclusion
Ollantaytambo is more than just a stop on the way to Machu Picchu; it’s a destination in its own right, rich with history, culture, and scenic beauty. Whether you’re hiking up to the ancient fortress, wandering through the well-preserved streets of the Inca town, or soaking in the breathtaking views of the Sacred Valley, Ollantaytambo offers an immersive experience for travelers. By preparing for the altitude, dressing appropriately, and respecting the cultural significance of the site, you’ll ensure a rewarding and memorable visit to this extraordinary piece of Inca heritage.